{"id":14165,"date":"2025-12-09T09:56:43","date_gmt":"2025-12-09T07:56:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/covasna45.ro\/?p=14165"},"modified":"2025-12-09T10:16:12","modified_gmt":"2025-12-09T08:16:12","slug":"cristuru-secuiesc-fertilizator-pentru-agricultura-obtinut-din-paie-si-resturi-din-lemn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/covasna45.ro\/index.php\/lumea-noastra\/cristuru-secuiesc-fertilizator-pentru-agricultura-obtinut-din-paie-si-resturi-din-lemn\/","title":{"rendered":"Cristuru Secuiesc: Fertilizator pentru agricultur\u0103 ob\u021binut din paie \u0219i resturi din lemn"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00cen Germania se construie\u0219te \u00een aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 o fabric\u0103 \u00een care se vor produce c\u0103rbune vegetal \u0219i o\u021bet din lemn pentru agricultur\u0103 \u00een baza unei licen\u021be rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti. Cei care au brevetat biochar-ul sau bio-c\u0103rbunele sunt din jude\u021bul Harghita, din Cristuru Secuiesc \u0219i au pornit de o idee simpl\u0103: str\u0103mo\u0219ii no\u0219tri obi\u0219nuiau s\u0103 \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tie c\u0103rbune pe c\u00e2mpuri, pentru a fertiliza natural solul. Fermieri din mai multe \u021b\u0103ri cump\u0103r\u0103 de ani buni aceste solu\u021bii pentru terenurile agricole, iar produsele de la Cristuru Secuiesc se v\u00e2nd \u00een magazine specializate din mai multe state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Firma Explokom GK a dezvoltat o metod\u0103 de a ob\u021bine c\u0103rbune vegetal prin piroliz\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eAm f\u0103cut studii aprofundate, cu universit\u0103\u021bi din Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i Ungaria. Rezultatele au dep\u0103\u0219it a\u0219tept\u0103rile, motiv pentru care am decis s\u0103 ob\u021binem \u0219i certificatul de conformitate – Conformit\u00e9 Europ\u00e9enne<\/em><\/strong>\u201d, explic\u0103 managerul firmei, Kov\u00e1cs G\u00e9za.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Biocharul este un material negru, cristalin, poros \u0219i bogat \u00een carbon, inodor. Se produce prin piroliza biomasei – lemn, de\u0219euri agricole sau alte materiale vegetale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Piroliza este un proces de tratare termic\u0103 \u00een condi\u021bii de oxigen redus, prin care materialele vegetale sunt transformate \u00een carbon. Astfel carbonul este stabilizat \u00eentr-o form\u0103 fix\u0103, \u0219i r\u0103m\u00e2ne prezent\u0103 pe termen lung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Odat\u0103 aplicat pe sol, \u00ee\u0219i exercit\u0103 efectele timp de 10-100 de ani, contribuind semnificativ la \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea calit\u0103\u021bii solului pe termen lung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biochar-ul are capacitatea special\u0103 de a lega \u0219i stoca microorganisme \u0219i microelemente (de ex: Fe, Br, Cu, Ph, Mn, Mg), contribuind astfel la cre\u0219terea fertilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i activit\u0103\u021bii microbiologice a solului. Datorit\u0103 porozit\u0103\u021bii sale ridicate, poate re\u021bine o cantitate mare de ap\u0103 \u00een sol. La o aplicare de 250-500 g\/m\u00b2, ajut\u0103 la stocarea eficient\u0103 a nutrien\u021bilor, la condi\u021bionarea \u0219i ameliorarea solului. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Un sistem complex<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kov\u00e1cs G\u00e9za a investit mult \u00een fabricarea biochar-ului. Zeci de retorte de inox fabricate special pentru ei \u0219i mai multe instala\u021bii ingenioase se g\u0103sesc pe terenul de la Cristur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El a explicat, pentru covasna45.ro<\/a>, cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 totul: \u201eLemnul tocat sau paiele intr\u0103 \u00een retortele de inox, care apoi intr\u0103 \u00een sistemul de piroliz\u0103. Dup\u0103 ce se <<coc>>, \u00een loc vine o retort\u0103 nou\u0103. Este un proces tehnologic continuu. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00cePe l\u00e2ng\u0103 biochar, \u00een urma procesului de piroliz\u0103 rezult\u0103 \u0219i un fum lichid c\u0103ruia noi \u00eei spunem gaz de piroliz\u0103. Acest gaz are ini\u021bial 600 de grade \u0219i este r\u0103cit la 20 de grade \u00een procesul de condensare. Un proces \u00een urma c\u0103ruia rezult\u0103 o frac\u021bie lichid\u0103. Ulterior, este separat\u0103 gravita\u021bional, adic\u0103 uleiurile \u0219i gudroanele se separ\u0103, iar acest o\u021bet de lemn este extras \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103 o dat\u0103 rafinat \u0219i cur\u0103\u021bat. Rezult\u0103 produsul finit care con\u021bine peste 200 de produ\u0219i organici \u0219i ajut\u0103 la dezvoltarea s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103 a plantei\u201d<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Produs versatil<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

O\u021betul de lemn este un lichid foarte versatil \u0219i a fost folosit de-a lungul timpului pentru o varietate de aplica\u021bii ecologice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Beneficiile aplic\u0103rii O\u021betului de Lemn \u00een perioada toamnei pe terenurile agricole:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Dezinfectarea solului<\/strong>
    Unul dintre cele mai importante beneficii ale o\u021betului de lemn este capacitatea sa de a dezinfecta solul. Toamna, dup\u0103 recoltare, solul poate fi expus agen\u021bilor patogeni, precum bacteriile, ciupercile \u0219i d\u0103un\u0103torii care r\u0103m\u00e2n \u00een p\u0103m\u00e2nt. Aplicarea o\u021betului de lemn \u00eenainte de iarn\u0103<\/strong> reduce popula\u021biile acestor agen\u021bi nocivi, prevenind astfel apari\u021bia bolilor \u00een urm\u0103torul sezon agricol.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Controlul d\u0103un\u0103torilor<\/strong>
    O\u021betul de lemn are propriet\u0103\u021bi insecticide naturale care contribuie la reducerea num\u0103rului de d\u0103un\u0103tori din sol. Aplicat pe c\u00e2mpuri dup\u0103 recoltare, acesta poate reduce riscul de infest\u0103ri viitoare cu insecte care atac\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103cinile \u0219i plantele \u00een fazele lor timpurii de dezvoltare.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea structurii solului<\/strong>
    O\u021betul de lemn ajut\u0103 la stabilizarea structurii solului, facilit\u00e2nd descompunerea materiei organice \u0219i formarea humusului. Acest lucru face solul mai fertil \u0219i mai aerat, oferindu-le plantelor un mediu propice pentru cre\u0219terea s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103. De asemenea, o\u021betul de lemn reduce compactarea solului, o problem\u0103 frecvent\u0103 \u00een cazul terenurilor exploatate intensiv.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Reglarea pH-ului solului<\/strong>
    Un alt beneficiu important al o\u021betului de lemn este capacitatea sa de a regla pH-ul solului. Solurile acide sau alcaline pot afecta \u00een mod negativ dezvoltarea plantelor. Aplicarea o\u021betului de lemn ajut\u0103 la restabilirea unui pH echilibrat, oferind condi\u021bii optime pentru culturile viitoare.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Stimularea activit\u0103\u021bii microorganismelor benefice<\/strong>
    \u00cen timp ce o\u021betul de lemn elimin\u0103 agen\u021bii patogeni \u0219i d\u0103un\u0103torii, el nu d\u0103uneaz\u0103 microorganismelor benefice din sol, cum ar fi bacteriile \u0219i ciupercile care ajut\u0103 la descompunerea materiei organice \u0219i la eliberarea nutrien\u021bilor. Ace\u0219ti microorganisme sunt esen\u021biale pentru un sol s\u0103n\u0103tos \u0219i fertil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Reducerea utiliz\u0103rii de fertilizan\u021bi chimici<\/strong>
    Datorit\u0103 capacit\u0103\u021bii sale de a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi fertilitatea \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103tatea solului, o\u021betul de lemn contribuie la reducerea dependen\u021bei de fertilizan\u021bi chimici. Prin refacerea echilibrului natural al solului, agricultorii pot ob\u021bine recolte s\u0103n\u0103toase f\u0103r\u0103 a recurge la substan\u021be chimice d\u0103un\u0103toare pentru mediu \u0219i sol.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Reducerea mirosurilor nepl\u0103cute \u0219i a emisiilor de gaze<\/strong>
    \u00cen cazul terenurilor unde se utilizeaz\u0103 gunoi de grajd sau alte materiale organice pentru fertilizare, o\u021betul de lemn poate reduce mirosurile nepl\u0103cute. \u00cen plus, acesta contribuie la reducerea emisiilor de gaze cu efect de ser\u0103 generate de descompunerea materiilor organice \u00een sol.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Mai multe despre ei pute\u021bi citi pe site-ul lor, AICI<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u00cen Germania se construie\u0219te \u00een aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 o fabric\u0103 \u00een care se vor produce c\u0103rbune vegetal \u0219i o\u021bet din lemn pentru agricultur\u0103 \u00een baza unei licen\u021be rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti. Cei care au brevetat biochar-ul sau bio-c\u0103rbunele sunt din jude\u021bul Harghita, din Cristuru Secuiesc \u0219i au pornit de o idee simpl\u0103: str\u0103mo\u0219ii no\u0219tri obi\u0219nuiau s\u0103 \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tie c\u0103rbune pe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14166,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[4391,1656,4393,4392],"class_list":{"0":"post-14165","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-lumea-noastra","8":"tag-biochar","9":"tag-bioeconomie","10":"tag-cristuru-secuiesc","11":"tag-fertilizator"},"yoast_head":"\nCristuru Secuiesc: Fertilizator pentru agricultur\u0103 ob\u021binut din paie \u0219i resturi din lemn - Covasna45<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Produsele de la Cristuru Secuiesc, jud. 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